After the world wars, cold war paradigm dominated the world. It ended with the dissolution of USSR in 1989. When the WWII was over, the whole world except some non-aligned nations was polarized into two parts led by two superpowers USA and USSR. Cold war is said to be war between two ideologies (i.e. Capitalism vs Communism). Although, the superpowers did not confront violently with each other, they fought different proxy wars and pseudo wars mostly in the third world. Korean war, Vietnam war, Horn of Africa etc. are the examples. In addition to this, superpowers provided arms and other resources to many insurgent groups to fight against the opposite ideology. USA helped Al Queda and other Mujahiddins to repel USSR from Afghanistan.
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